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Running time105 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$70 millionBox office$207 millionSleepy Hollow is a 1999 American directed. It is a loosely based on 's 1820 ', and stars and, with, and in supporting roles. The plot follows police constable (Depp) sent from New York City to investigate a series of murders in the village of by a mysterious.Development began in 1993 at, with originally set to direct 's script as a low-budget. Disagreements with Paramount resulted in Yagher's being demoted to designer, and Burton was hired to direct in June 1998.
Filming took place from November 1998 to May 1999.The film had its world premiere at on November 17, 1999 and was released in the United States on November 19, 1999, by Paramount Pictures. It received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising the performances, direction, screenplay and musical score, as well as its dark humor, visual effects and atmosphere. It grossed approximately $207 million worldwide. Sleepy Hollow won the. Contents.Plot In 1799, police constable Ichabod Crane is dispatched to the hamlet of, which has been plagued by a series of brutal: Peter and Dirk Van Garrett, a wealthy father and son, and a widow, Emily Winship. Received by the insular town elders—wealthy businessman Baltus Van Tassel; town doctor Thomas Lancaster; the Reverend Steenwyck; James Hardenbrook; and Samuel Philipse—Ichabod learns that locals believe the killer is the undead apparition of a headless from the who rides a black steed in search of his missing head.Ichabod begins his investigation, skeptical of the paranormal story. Boarding at the home of Baltus Van Tassel and his second wife, Lady Van Tassel, he is taken with Baltus' spiritual daughter, Katrina.
When a fourth victim, Jonathan Masbath, is killed, Ichabod takes the victim's son, Young Masbath, under his wing. Ichabod and Masbath the victims on a tip from Philipse, learning that the widow died pregnant; Ichabod witnesses the Horseman killing Philipse shortly after. He, Young Masbath and Katrina venture into the Western Woods, where a living in a cave reveals the location of the Horseman's grave at the 'Tree of the Dead'. He digs up the Horseman's grave and discovers the skull has been taken, deducing that it has been stolen by someone who now controls him and that the tree is his.That night, the Horseman kills Beth Killian, the village midwife, and her family, as well as Katrina's suitor Brom when he attempts to intervene. Judging by the Horseman's habit of murdering specific victims and leaving others in his path unharmed, Ichabod hypothesizes that he is attacking select targets linked by a conspiracy. He and Masbath visit Hardenbrook, who reveals that the first victim, Peter Van Garrett, had secretly married the widow, writing a new that left his estate to her and her unborn child.
Ichabod deduces that all the subsequent victims (except Brom) are either beneficiaries or witnesses to this new will, and that the Horseman's master is the person who would have otherwise the estate: Baltus, a Van Garrett relative.Upon discovering the accusation, Katrina burns the evidence. Hardenbrook commits suicide, and Steenwyck convenes a town meeting to discredit Ichabod, but Baltus bursts into the assembly at the church, announcing that the Horseman has killed his wife, although he did not actually witness her death: he fled upon seeing the Horseman approach his wife with his sword in hand.
The Horseman attacks the church, but. In the chaos, the remaining elders turn on and attack each other: Steenwyck and Lancaster are killed, and the Horseman Baltus through a window, dragging him out of the church and acquiring his head.Initially concluding that Katrina controls the Horseman, Ichabod discovers that her diagram, which he believed summoned the Horseman, is really one of protection, and additionally finds a post-mortem wound on 'Lady Van Tassel's' body. Lady Van Tassel, alive and well, then reveals herself to Katrina; the body assumed to be hers was in fact that of Sarah, a maidservant she had murdered and dressed in her clothes. Lady Van Tassel abducts Katrina and explains her true heritage from an impoverished family evicted years ago by Van Garrett when he favored Baltus and Katrina instead. She swore revenge against Van Garrett and all who had wronged her, if he would raise the Horseman to avenge her, and also to claim the Van Garrett and Van Tassel estates uncontested.
Manipulating her way into the Van Tassel household, she used fear, blackmail, and lust to draw the other elders into her plot. Having eliminated all other heirs and witnesses — and having killed her sister, the crone, for aiding Ichabod — she summons the Horseman to finish Katrina.Ichabod and Masbath rush to the windmill as the Horseman arrives. After an escape that destroys the windmill and the subsequent chase to the Tree of the Dead, Ichabod retrieves the Horseman's skull from Lady Van Tassel and returns it to him, breaking the curse, and setting the Horseman free from Lady Van Tassel's control. With his head restored, the Horseman spares Katrina and abducts Lady Van Tassel, giving her a bloody kiss and returning to with her in tow, fulfilling her end of the. Ichabod returns to New York with Katrina and Young Masbath, just in time for the.Cast. as: Crane is a quirky, yet sympathetic infatuated with integrating modern science into police procedures (early ), but is squeamish at the sight of blood and bugs.
as Katrina Van Tassel: Ichabod's love interest and the only heir to one of the town's richest farmers. Ricci described her character as 'a princess-y character, very one-sided, no emotional depth.' . as Lady Mary Van Tassel (nee Archer; she falsely uses 'Preston' as her maiden name): The aloof wife of Baltus and stepmother of Katrina, who is revealed to be a vengeful witch. Richardson also portrays the Crone Witch, Lady Van Tassel's sister. as Baltus Van Tassel: Katrina's father.
After Peter Van Garrett is murdered, he is placed as the leader of the town. as Brom Van Brunt: A strong and arrogant aristocratic man who is romantically involved with Katrina. as Reverend Steenwyck: The austere, corrupt town pastor. as the. as Magistrate Samuel Philipse: The drunken town.
as Dr. Thomas Lancaster: The town doctor and surgeon. as Notary James Hardenbrook: The wizened, cowardly town banker. as Young Masbath: An orphan who looks towards Ichabod as a father figure after his father is slain by the Horseman. / as: A brutal and sadistic mercenary sent to America during the who loses his head during battle.
as Beth Killian: The town midwife. as Mr.
Killian. Sean Stephens as Thomas Killian. as the. as Jonathan Masbath. as Lady Crane (in flashbacks): Ichabod's mother who practiced benign, for which she was killed by his strict religious father. as Lord Crane (in flashbacks): Ichabod's devoutly religious father who tortured and killed his wife for practicing witchcraft.
as Peter Van Garrett, Sleepy Hollow's chief citizen until his death at the hands of the Headless Horseman. Landau's role was uncredited.Production Development In 1993, a make-up effects designer who had turned to directing with, had the notion to adapt 's short story ' into a feature film. Through his agent, Yagher was introduced to; they spent a few months working on a that transformed from a schoolmaster from to a banished New York City detective. Yagher and Walker subsequently Sleepy Hollow to various studios and production companies, eventually securing a deal with producer, who had been impressed with Walker's unproduced for. Rudin optioned the project to in a deal that had Yagher set to direct, with Walker scripting; the pair would share story credit. Following the completion of, Yagher had planned Sleepy Hollow as a low-budget production—'a pretentious with a spectacular murder every five minutes or so.' Paramount disagreed on the concept and demoted Yagher's involvement to designer.
'They never really saw it as a commercial movie,' producer noted. 'The studio thinks 'old literary classic' and they think. We started developing it before horror movies came back.' Paramount CEO revived studio interest in 1998. Schroeder, who shepherded 's as a studio executive at in 1990, suggested that Burton direct the film. 's minimal production duties came from; Burton only became aware of Coppola's involvement during the editing process when he was sent a copy of Sleepy Hollow 's and saw Coppola's name on it.
Burton, coming off the troubled production of, was hired to direct in June 1998. 'I had never really done something that was more of a horror film,' he explained, 'and it's funny, because those are the kind of movies that I like probably more than any other genre.' His interest in directing a horror film influenced by his love for and —particularly the supernatural feel they evoked as a result of being filmed primarily on.
As a result, Sleepy Hollow is a to various Hammer Film Productions, including, and other films such as, various horror films,. The image of the had fascinated Burton during his apprenticeship as a Disney animator at in the early 1980s.
'One of my teachers had worked on the as one of the layout artists on the chase, and he brought in some layouts from it, so that was exciting. It was one of the things that maybe shaped what I like to do.' Burton worked with Walker on rewrites, but Rudin suggested that rewrite the script to add to the comical aspects of Ichabod's bumbling mannerisms, and emphasize the character's romance with Katrina. His work went uncredited through the.While was Burton's first choice for the role of Ichabod Crane, Paramount required him to consider,. Depp was cast in July 1998 for his third collaboration with Burton. The actor wanted Ichabod to parallel Irving's description of the character in the short story.
This included a long, huge ears, and elongated fingers. Paramount turned down his suggestions, and after Depp read Tom Stoppard's rewrite of the script, he was inspired to take the character even further. 'I always thought of Ichabod as a very delicate, fragile person who was maybe a little too in touch with his feminine side, like a frightened little girl,' Depp explained.
He did not wish to portray the character as a typical action star would have, and instead took inspiration by 's performance in. 'It's good,' Burton reasoned, 'because I'm not the greatest action director in the world, and he's not the greatest action star.'
Depp modeled Ichabod's detective personality from in the. He also studied 's acting for additional influence. Burton added that 'the idea was to try to find an elegance in action of the kind that or or had.' Sleepy Hollow also reunited Burton with (from and ) as Reverend Steenwyck, (Max Shreck in ) as the Hessian Horseman, ( Ed Wood) in a cameo role, and Hammer veteran ( in Burton's Batman films), whom Burton tempted out of retirement. The Hammer influence was further confirmed by the casting of Christopher Lee in a small role as the who sends Crane to Sleepy Hollow. Supervised by Heinrichs, the town of Sleepy Hollow was constructed around a small duck pond.
At a cost estimated at $1.3 million, and over a period of four months, 12 structures were built, several with detailed interiors, as well as exteriors.The original intention had been to shoot Sleepy Hollow predominantly on location with a $30 million budget. Towns were scouted throughout along the, and the filmmakers decided on for an October 1998 start date. The organization assisted in scouting locations, which included the and forests in the. 'They had a wonderful quality to them,' production designer reflected on the locations, 'but it wasn't quite lending itself to the sort of that we were going for, which wanted to express the feeling of foreboding.' Disappointed, the filmmakers scouted locations in, and considered using Dutch colonial villages and period town recreations in the. When no suitable existing location could be found, coupled with a lack of readily available studio space in the New York area needed to house the production's large number of sets, producer Scott Rudin suggested the UK.Rudin believed Britain offered the level of craftsmanship in period detail, painting and costuming that was suitable for the film's design. Having directed entirely in Britain, Burton agreed, and designers from Batman 's art department were employed by Paramount for Sleepy Hollow.
As a result, was pushed back to November 20, 1998 at, which had been recently vacated. The majority of filming took place at Leavesden, with studio other work at, where the massive Tree of the Dead set was built using Stage H.
Production then moved to the estate at Lime Tree Valley for a month-long shoot in March, where the town of Sleepy Hollow was constructed. 'We came to England figuring we would find a perfect little town,' producer Adam Schroeder recalled, 'and then we had to build it anyway.' Filming in Britain continued through April, and a few scenes were shot using a in the following May. The Tree of the Dead, designed byResponsible for the film's was, whom Burton intended to use on. While the production crew was always going to build a substantial number of sets, the decision was made early on that optimally fulfilling Burton's vision would necessitate shooting Sleepy Hollow in a totally controlled environment at Leavesden Film Studios.
The production design was influenced by Burton's love for and the film (1960)—particularly the supernatural feel they evoked as a result of being filmed primarily on sound stages. Heinrichs was also influenced by, illustrations, and Hammer's.One sound stage at Leavesden was dedicated to the 'Forest to Field' set, for the scene in which the Headless Horseman races out of the woods and into a field. This stage was then transformed into, variously, a graveyard, a corn field, a field of harvested wheat, a churchyard, and a snowy battlefield. In addition, a small area was devoted to a New York City street and waterfront tank. Cinematography Burton was impressed by the in (1998) and hired as Sleepy Hollow 's director of photography. Initially, Lubezki and Burton contemplated shooting the film in black and white, and in old square. When that proved unfeasible, they opted for an almost effect which would enhance the fantasy aspect.
Burton and Lubezki intentionally planned the over-dependency of smoke and soft lighting to accompany the film's sole strategy. Lubezki also used Hammer horror and Mexican from the 1960s, such as. Lighting effects increased the dynamic energy of the Headless Horseman, while the of the film stock was increased in post-production to add to the monochromatic feel.Leavesden Studios, a converted airplane factory, presented problems because of its relatively low ceilings. This was less of an issue for The Phantom Menace, in which set height was generally achieved by digital means. 'Our visual choices get channeled and violent,' Heinrichs elaborated, 'so you end up with liabilities that you tend to exploit as virtues. When you've got a certain ceiling height, and you're dealing with painted backings, you need to push atmosphere and diffusion.' This was particularly the case in several exteriors that were built on sound stages.
'We would mitigate the disadvantages by hiding lights with teasers and smoke.' Visual effects The majority of Sleepy Hollow 's 150 visual effects shots were handled by (ILM), while supervised the human and creature effects. Also assisted on digital effects, and handled. In part a reaction to the in, Burton opted to use as limited an amount of digital effects as possible., who served as the Headless Horseman, wore a blue ski mask for the effect, digitally removed by ILM.
Burton and Heinrichs applied to Sleepy Hollow many of the techniques they had used in animation on —such as sets.The windmill was a 60-foot-tall forced-perspective exterior (visible to highway travellers miles away), a base and rooftop set and a quarter-scale miniature. The interior of the mill, which was about 30-feet high and 25-feet wide, featured wooden gears equipped with mechanisms for grinding flour. A wider view of the windmill was rendered on a Leavesden soundstage set with a quarter-scale windmill, complete with rotating vanes, painted sky backdrop and special-effects fire. 'It was scary for the actors who were having burning wood explode at them,' Heinrichs recalled. 'There were controls in place and people standing by with hoses, of course, but there's always a chance of something going wrong.' For the final shot of the burning mill exploding, the quarter-scale windmill and painted backdrop were erected against the outside wall of the 'flight shed', a spacious hangar on the far side of Leavesden Studios. The hangar's interior walls were knocked down to create a 450-foot run, with a 40-foot width still allowing for coach and cameras.
Heinrichs tailored the sets so cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki could shoot from above without seeing the end of the stage.Actor Ian McDiarmid, who portrayed Dr. Lancaster, had just finished another Leavesden production with. He compared the aesthetics of the two films, stating that physical sets helped the actors get into a natural frame of mind. 'Having come from the world of Star Wars it was wonderful to see gigantic, beautifully made perspective sets and wonderful clothes, and also people recreating a world. It's like the way movies used to be done.'
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at the. at. at. at. at.
by. Stephen Pizzello (December 1999). Tom Kenny (December 1, 1999). Archived from on September 12, 2012.